Thesis Functional Responses of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria to Short-term Obesity: Are All Obesities the Same?

.................................................................................................................................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 7 Basic Physiology ........................................................................................................................ 7 Metabolism in the Normal Heart ............................................................................................ 7 Metabolism in Normal Skeletal Muscle .................................................................................. 8 Fatty Acid Oxidation FA Use.................................................................................................. 8 Glucose Use ............................................................................................................................ 9 The TCA Cycle, Electron Transfer System, and Mitochondrial Respiration.......................... 9 Mitochondria and Obesity ..................................................................................................... 11 Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Responses to Obesity and DM ............................................ 13 Obesity and Metabolism in Hibernating Mammals ............................................................ 15 METHODS .................................................................................................................................. 17 Ethical Approval ..................................................................................................................... 17 Ground Squirrels .................................................................................................................... 17 Mice .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Glucose Tolerance Tests ......................................................................................................... 18 Preparation of Isolated Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Mitochondria ................................ 18 Saponin Permeabilized Soleus Muscle .................................................................................. 19